Testicular Cancers

Testicular cancer is a relatively rare but highly treatable form of cancer that originates in the testicles, the male reproductive organs responsible for producing sperm and testosterone. It primarily affects young men, often between the ages of 15 and 35. While the exact cause remains uncertain, risk factors include undescended testicles (cryptorchidism), family history of testicular cancer, and certain genetic conditions. The most common symptom is the presence of a painless lump or swelling in the testicle, though other signs may include testicular pain, discomfort, or changes in size or shape. Diagnosis involves a physical examination, ultrasound, and blood tests to measure tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Treatment typically includes surgical removal of the affected testicle (orchiectomy), and further therapy, such as radiation or chemotherapy, may be necessary depending on the cancer's stage and type. The high cure rates for testicular cancer underscore the importance of early detection through regular self-examinations and prompt medical attention for any abnormalities.